Bubble Sort Algorithm And C Code

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Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly stepping through the list to be sorted, comparing each pair of adjacent items and swapping them if they are in the wrong order. The pass through the list is repeated until no swaps are needed, which indicates that the list is sorted. The algorithm gets its name from the way smaller elements "bubble" to the top of the list. Because it only uses comparisons to operate on elements, it is a comparison sort. Although the algorithm is simple, most of the other sorting algorithms are more efficient for large lists. Bubble sort is not a stable sort which means that if two same elements are there in the list, they may not get their same order with respect to each other.

Step-by-step example:

Let us take the array of numbers "5 1 4 2 8", and sort the array from lowest number to greatest number using bubble sort. In each step, elements written in bold are being compared. Three passes will be required.

First Pass:
( 5 1 4 2 8 )  ( 1 5 4 2 8 ), Here, algorithm compares the first two elements, and swaps since 5 > 1.
( 1 5 4 2 8 )  ( 1 4 5 2 8 ), Swap since 5 > 4
( 1 4 5 2 8 )  ( 1 4 2 5 8 ), Swap since 5 > 2
( 1 4 2 5 8 )  ( 1 4 2 5 8 ), Now, since these elements are already in order (8 > 5), algorithm does not swap them.

Second Pass:
( 1 4 2 5 8 )  ( 1 4 2 5 8 )
( 1 4 2 5 8 )  ( 1 2 4 5 8 ), Swap since 4 > 2
( 1 2 4 5 8 )  ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
( 1 2 4 5 8 )  ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
Now, the array is already sorted, but our algorithm does not know if it is completed. The algorithm needs one whole pass without any swap to know it is sorted.

Third Pass:
( 1 2 4 5 8 )  ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
( 1 2 4 5 8 )  ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
( 1 2 4 5 8 )  ( 1 2 4 5 8 )
( 1 2 4 5 8 )  ( 1 2 4 5 8 )

Algorithm For Bubble Sort:

/* Double-Click To Select Code */

Step 1: Repeat Steps 2 and 3 for i=1 to 10

Step 2: Set j=1

Step 3: Repeat while j<=n

         (A) if  a[i] < a[j]

             Then interchange a[i] and a[j]

             [End of if]

         (B) Set j = j+1
        [End of Inner Loop]

    [End of Step 1 Outer Loop]

Step 4: Exit

Optimized Algorithm For Bubble Sort:

/* Double-Click To Select Code */

procedure bubbleSort( A : list of sortable items )
    n = length(A)
    repeat
       swapped = false
       for i = 1 to n-1 inclusive do
          if A[i-1] > A[i] then
             swap(A[i-1], A[i])
             swapped = true
          end if
       end for
       n = n - 1
    until not swapped
end procedure

C Program For Bubble Sort:

/* Double-Click To Select Code */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main()
{
 int i,n,temp,j,arr[25];
 clrscr();
 printf("Enter the number of elements in the Array: ");
 scanf("%d",&n);
 printf("\nEnter the elements:\n\n");

 for(i=0 ; i<n ; i++)
 {
  printf(" Array[%d] = ",i);
  scanf("%d",&arr[i]);
 }

 for(i=0 ; i<n ; i++)
 {
  for(j=0 ; j<n-i-1 ; j++)
  {
   if(arr[j]>arr[j+1]) //Swapping Condition is Checked
   {
    temp=arr[j];
    arr[j]=arr[j+1];
    arr[j+1]=temp;
   }
  }
 }

 printf("\nThe Sorted Array is:\n\n");
 for(i=0 ; i<n ; i++)
 {
  printf(" %4d",arr[i]);
 }
 getch();
}

Output of Program:

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